Strategic voting and effective representation thresholds: Evidence from three Spanish general elections

The extent of strategic voting in the Spanish general elections of 2000, 2004 and 2008 is estimated using a new measure of strategic incentives suitable for proportional representation systems that avoids some of the problems associated with lagged variables. Strategic behaviour increased from 12 to 33 per cent of the electoral base of the United Left Party, the major victim of strategic defection. This estimate is a conservative one as elite mobilisation is controlled for in the constituencies, which is unusual in the literature on strategic voting that uses regression‐based methods.     

Strategic adaptation to new electoral systems

How quickly, to what extent and under what conditions do voters and elites adapt to new electoral institutions in order to not waste their votes and effort on hopeless competitors? A latent‐curve model of strategic adaptation is developed and fitted to district‐level election data from Spain. The extent of strategic adaptation is generally found to vary with the strength of the electoral system. However, grave ethnic tensions are demonstrated to seriously retard adaptation even under favourable institutional conditions.     

“重要战略机遇期“解读

"重要战略机遇期"概念的提出,体现了第三代领导集体敏锐的政治嗅觉、高超的战略判断力、超人的政治胆识、杰出的领导艺术和坚定的政治决心,是他们面对复杂的国际大势,乘势、权变、借力、顺应规律的智慧结晶.其基本依据是对未来20年国内形势的正确把握和国际形势的科学判断,"重要战略机遇期"到来的转折点则与"9·11"时间密切相连.     

中国对外贸易摩擦的深层次原因与对策

贸易保护主义重新抬头,导致贸易摩擦的数量不断增加,领域和范围日益广泛,严重阻碍了国际贸易的发展。中国已进入贸易摩擦高发期,是国际贸易摩擦的最大受害国。日益频繁的贸易摩擦已成为国人关注的焦点问题。应对国际贸易摩擦,要在分析研究产生根源的基础上,对症下药,采取相应对策。     

论战略机遇期青年的历史使命

2 1世纪头 2 0年 ,对我国来说是一个重要的战略机遇期 ,对于成长中的青年一代来说 ,则是一个难得的历史机遇期 ,全面建设小康社会的历史使命 ,落在了当代青年的肩上。新的时代 ,新的使命 ,必将对当代青年提出新的要求。     

论文化产业结构的战略性调整与制度创新

文化产业结构是现存一切文化关系的制度性反映和总和。中国文化产业结构的战略性调整,必须克服对原有体制的制度性依赖,实行全面的制度创新,重构中国文化产业结构的制度体系。     

国有经济战略性调整中的若干认识误区

加快国有经济的战略性调整 ,必须首先从理论上解决思想认识问题。国有经济比重的降低不等于社会主义因素的减少 ;国有资本和国有企业的有偿转让 ,按照国际社会的说法属于“私有化” ,但我国绝不能因此有损公有制的主体地位和国有经济的主导地位 ;国有经济逐步退出竞争领域是必然趋势 ;国有经济的主导作用主要在于防止私人资本对国计民生的垄断 ,而不是通过股份制形式控制更多的民有资本     

The evolving profile,qualifications and roles of the senior public affairs officer

Leading a public affairs department or function in North America has become increasingly complex, difficult, and valued in the last decade. The knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) to perform this role effectively have undergone a transformation and become reflective of the socio‐political challenges entailed in the fast‐moving, global, information‐intensive economy. The top public affairs officer (PAO) will need to be a strategic thinker who can communicate effectively, have unquestioned integrity, maintain an international perspective, be an effective manager, and have the experience and savvy to navigate the trickiest of public policy processes and structures. These positions can be greatly rewarding for those individuals who are up to the task. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications.     

机遇、创新与坚持"三个代表"重要思想 --学习十六大报告的几点体会

江泽民同志在十六大报告中指出,21世纪头20年是中国发展的战略机遇期,中国将进入全面建设小康社会的战略转折时期。面对机遇和挑战,中国共产党始终高举邓小平理论和“三个代表”的旗帜,坚持理论创新,以理论创新推动制度创新和各项事业的创新,在解放思想中统一思想,在应对挑战中倍加珍惜党的团结。     

Displacing your Principal. Two Historical Case Studies of Some Interest for the Constitutional Future of Europe

The framework of public decisions, and particularly the provision of law, is seen here as an agency contract. What distinguishes this contract is the nature of the right delegated to the agent: The capacity to make law gives the opportunity to take advantage of the incompleteness of the constitutional contract. The agency relationship may be loosened or even reversed. This article tries to draw some lessons from the English and American history in that matter and applies them to the making of the future European State.